Minh tu Huynh, Carol Lei, Natasha Schmid, & Alissa Acheson
Role: Product Designer & Researcher
January 2022 - June 2022
DESIGN QUESTION
SOLUTIONS
CONTEXT
I had the opportunity to work with three fantastic HCDE undergraduates for our senior capstone. We collaborated with Cash App to explore what shared banking experiences can look like to motivate Gen-Z individuals to adopt Cash App as their primary bank. We utilized the entire user-centered design process: research, ideation, and design to investigate and curate a solution for Cash App.
Cash Fam / Creating a Cash Fam
Shared Savings / Initiate a Shared Savings
Group Tab / Create a Group Tab
Group Tab / Scan a Receipt
Problem & Opportunity
Groups often make collective spending/saving decisions related to social experiences. These experiences can be complicated to organize and overwhelming to keep track of, greater transparency can lead to better collaboration.
Design Solution
Create a “Cash Fam” a group of people participating in a shared finance experience. Cash App supports group expenses, over time and recurring, budgeting, and savings experiences.
Problem & Opportunity
Individuals want to feel financially secure, and they often save mentally in their heads. Individuals often seek advice and validation from their friends and community about financial responsibilities - one of which is how to keep. They also remain uncomfortable creating joint savings or one savings goal for all group members. Additionally, individuals hold different levels of comfort in sharing financial information.
Design Solution
Provide the opportunity to engage in shared savings on Cash App. This will be accountability saving with a given Cash Fam – with features focused on reaching savings goals. Within this feature, individuals can input their personal savings goals, checkpoints, and transparency level for their savings to ensure privacy.
Problem & Opportunity
Individuals may fall behind in saving money due to a lack of motivation. Thus, individuals have the option to send encouragements to the Cash Fam members to support their accountability on personal savings.
Design Solution
Group Tab / Self Assigning a Receipt Item
Allowing individuals to send personal encouragements through Community Aid, Cash App Boosts, or a simple text promotes accountability on saving money.
Group Tab / Closing the Tab
Recurring Expenses
Shared Savings / Sending Encouragements
Problem & Opportunity
Problem & Opportunity
Groups often share expenses over some time, in which people cover group bills upfront and request reimbursement at a later time once they have time to do the calculations. This requires detailed and complex spreadsheets to keep track of all the expenses.
Splitting expenses is arduous, especially for the individual who paid upfront. It requires complex calculations, often conducted outside of P2P payment applications. Greater transparency surrounding requested amounts fosters more trust.
Design Solution
Design Solution
Allow users to create a “Group Tab,” which allows members to upload expenses and easily track who paid for what and how much each person owes.
Send a Cash App request by scanning a receipt and assigning items to people. Cash App does all the math and shares the receipt and calculations with everyone.
Allow the person who paid upfront to request for others to self-assign the items they purchased. Doing so will encourage collaboration and alleviate some of the fronter’s burden while promoting trust & transparency for how requested amounts were determined.
Once a group tab is done, allow people to “close the tab” and automatically send Cash App requests and payments out to the group based on all uploaded receipts. All members must approve before it is officially closed
Allow individuals to set up automated recurring payments within the existing Request system of Cash App.
Design Solution
Design Solution
Design Solution
With large dinner bills, it can be very confusing and tedious figuring out what each person got and doing the math to figure out how much they owe (with tax & tip appropriately allocated). This burden generally lies solely on the person who paid upfront.
It is difficult to figure out overlapping reimbursements when various people have fronted different bills.
For recurring expenses, repeatedly requesting for one-time payment can be repetitive and strenuous. The burden falls onto the payer manually requesting other individuals for the payments.
Problem & Opportunity
Problem & Opportunity
Problem & Opportunity
Curious about how we got to our solution? Check out our process!
INTRODUCTION
What were our goals for this capstone project?
We had a kick-off meeting with our stakeholder: India Irish to understand the business requirements, determine our goals, and additional needs for this capstone project.
As a result, we determined the target user groups and projects goals:
Target User Group
Gen-Z adults (18 - 25 years old)
Approximate income between $25,000 and $80,000
Share financial responsibilities (spending, saving, budgeting)
Project Goals
Understand current shared banking experiences that Gen Z communities engage in
Generate open conversations about personal finances for more transparency about banking experiences
Empower Gen Z communities to achieve their financial goals
LET’S TALK ABOUT RESEARCH
Now that we set up our goals and know our target users. We had no existing data on what shared banking experiences looked like, especially for Cash App and generally FinTech. Thus, we were on the hunt for insights surrounding this space. We started to formulate research questions surrounding our problem space and target user group to understand what it is we want to research before diving into the methods.
Our research questions consist of:
Financial Conversations & Social Experiences – What shared banking experiences do Gen Z individuals currently engage in?
Shared Expenses – How do groups currently split expenses with more than one person?
Shared Savings – What are people’s attitudes and current engagement with shared savings?
Shared Budgeting – How do groups budget/plan finances for shared group experiences?
How are we going to gather our data?
Now that we got research questions in place, we need to determine the appropriate research methods that get us the accurate data to proceed forward with our ideation forward. Based on our stakeholders' conversations, we narrow down four research methods.
We did surveys, user interviews, focus groups, and participatory designs to simply put.
Below is a summary of our research methods and its respondents that we surveyed or interviewed with.
What were our rationales for each method?
Survey
The goal of this survey was to identify how shared banking might exist in the future of the financial technology (fintech) industry. This research survey aimed to understand current attitudes about money, conscious behavior about money, and any social experiences surrounding money. Our survey gave us insights into some high-level behaviors.
User Interviews
With our survey data, we interviewed individuals and communities in more detail about their saving, spending, and budgeting habits that involve other individuals and communities. We looked to understand why and how individuals conduct their financial responsibilities. These individual user interviews are intended to help us understand individual perceptions of community-based banking experiences.
Focus Groups
Our focus group sessions consisted of 2-4 friends, roommates, significant others, etc. who share financial responsibilities. We hoped to discover social attitudes around shared banking – saving, expenses, and budgeting with groups who engage in these experiences together.
Participatory Design
Our purpose was to co-design with our participants to learn more about their social attitudes and perceptions of more granular financial topics - shared budgeting, recurring expenses, rewards, and Cash Card design. These activities also provide additional insights into potential opportunities and solutions that allow us to investigate specifically as we transition into the ideation phase.
What were the key findings/results of this research?
Because we did extensive research through four research methods, there was abundant of data we had to sort and analyze. We utilized affinity mapping for most of our data analysis and had many conversations about the data patterns that were discovered. We shared our research findings with the Cash App UX researchers and product managers.
Below is a snapshot of our data analysis for our research data
Here are the following key insights based on the research questions we wanted to answer:
Financial Conversations & Social Experiences
Conversations occur more frequently when financial responsibilities are more transparent.
Some individuals feel social awkwardness reminding and discussing reimbursements – the extent depends on the type of relationship and/or type of transaction.
Groups often make collective spending/saving decisions related to social experiences.
Shared Expenses
One-time usage - Splitting expenses is complex and arduous for the individual who pays upfront.
The person who paid does calculations, requests, reminds, and provides information about the request
Expense splitting calculations occur outside of P2P payment applications
Individuals trust their friends, but more transparency around requested amounts results in more comfortComplex expenses often occur in larger groups
Recurring Expenses - Individuals must repeatedly request one-time payments to the group involved.
Refer to the image below on the journey of a recurring expense
Shared Savings
Many do not use digital tools to support their savings goals and instead track their savings mentally.
Joint savings is generally only considered between family members or significant others, due to privacy & trust.
People seek advice from their communities in establishing personal savings goals and strategies but have different comfort levels in discussing exact amounts.
Shared Budgeting
Budgeting helps individuals reduce financial anxiety, increase comfortability with spending, and develop financial independence to achieve goals.
Groups establish shared budgets using spreadsheets outside of P2P payment apps. Typically, one person is responsible for creating and maintaining it. Different groups use different methodologies to create their budget
Before Moving Onto Ideation, Let’s Establish Our Design Requirements
Based on the research patterns and data we uncovered, we wanted to establish design requirements that reflect any ideation and design work as we proceeded forward to the next phase.
IDEATING WHAT SHARED BANKING COULD LOOK AND FEEL LIKE
With our key insights and design requirements guiding us into the next step, it was time to ideate with various methods what a shared banking experience could look like within Cash App. We focused on ideating around shared expenses, savings, and budgeting
Crazy 8’s - no bad ideas here. :) Just outputting as many as we can!
Storyboards - showcasing scenarios and use cases that demonstrates the needs of our solution!
User Flows - refining our scenarios through detailed end to end journey
Information Architecture - finalizing our flows into a detailed information architecture that aligns with Cash App’s existing architecture and its feasibility. It’s pretty extensive!
Anything purple, orange, and green is our proposed information architecture within the existing Cash App’s existing architecture
Before moving into designing, were there any problems encountered?
Yes. When we were finalizing our ideation phase, we encountered emerging and current problems we were facing. Here’s a short list of the key problems we faced and how we tackled them on.
What were the challenges we faced?
We had many re-scheduling and technical difficulties issues when conducting our user interviews, focus groups, and participatory design.
We were pushing back the deadlines that aimed at us to be on track.
Many features to explore but not enough time.
How did we overcome them?
Being agile and proactive in each situation. I mainly took care of technical Zoom issues. (Example: whenever my interviewer’s wifi crashed, I ended up taking over seamlessly)
Creating hard deadlines for the rest of the phases we were in and working towards that.
Focused on the features that had many value props and potentially feasible.
DESIGNING THE SHARED BANKING EXPERIENCE
We were excited to move on to the design process. There were three key features we wanted to explore and conceptualize: Shared Savings, Cash Fam, Group Tab, and Recurring Expenses. I individually focused on conceptualizing the Shared Savings, Group Tab, and Recurring Expenses feature.
How did the initial designs start out?
It was a challenging start because we had no idea what these designs could look and feel like. Fortunately, we received their design system as a starting point, so it helped us start sketching quickly what these designs could look like. We did many in-house design jams to get the ball rolling. The biggest thing we want to incorporate into our design is aligning ourselves with Cash App’s existing design patterns to ensure feasibility and doesn’t provide any unnecessary changes.
Initial Designs - Cash Fam
This low-fidelity user flow shows the creation of a Cash Fam. The feature has been integrated into the existing Banking page of Cash App.
Cash Fams are the basis of our design solution. Given that we designed to incorporate shared financial responsibilities, savings, budget, and expenses, into a peer-to-peer payment application, the ability to create and maintain social groups is our conceived design solution.
This flow shows the tabs of a Cash Fam group. From this Cash Fam page, a user can create a variety of shared finances. The team’s other design concepts that arose from our user research and ideation can be seamlessly integrated through this flow.
Do you conduct usability testing on this concept?
Absolutely! TLDR: we did user testing on all of our concepts!
Given our time constraint, we conducted unstructured usability testing with seven participants. These participants were instructed to perform a task. The script was as follows, “Cash App is introducing groups. Groups will help you create group expenses easier, we are calling these Cash Fams. In the prototype you see, please create a Cash Fam.”
During the test, the facilitator requested that the participants speak aloud about what they think about the Cash Fam experience. The following are some notes and feedback from the usability test.
Here are the results below:
Users generally chose the actions that have more texts indicated compared to a single icon when going into the Cash Fam pages
Findability of the Cash Fam icon was difficult
Wording was ambiguous
Users wished to see some kind of plus button to create a Cash Fam
A plus button would be more indicative of “creation”
Users were hoping to see suggestions of people to add based on recent transactions with people
Initial Designs - Shared Savings
Thanks to our first concept - Cash Fam, we used it as our foundation to design our other key features like Shared Savings!
In shared savings, users can create new shared savings for accountability. In this flow, a user is creating new shared savings for accountability. They add a new, select an admin, select a start and end date, and how many milestones to set for the savings. The admin is an opportunity for one user to facilitate the accountability closely - potentially add or remove group members, etc. Milestones are meant to encourage more close accountability and tracking of savings progress like checkpoints
Once the logistics of the savings are set up, each group member will input their own personal savings goals, milestone dates, and transparency level. Transparency levels allow users to cater to what their group mates see to what the individual user is comfortable with (low, medium, or high transparency of dollar amount of savings). With all the setup done, users and group mates can view their savings accountability dashboard, and track how they are individually doing, and how their group is doing.
The above flow shows the interaction model for adjusting milestone goals. This was an exploration to bring the visualization alive, rather than just seeing numbers and dates.
These three screens show the options for transparency. These are meant to inform the user about the visualization their group members will see when they keep each other accountable. Users can show high transparency, which allows CashFam members to see exact monetary amounts of goals. Medium transparency reveals percentages of goals, and low transparency shows progress through completed milestones.
These two screens show the Shared Savings dashboard a user and CashFam will see when their shared saving has begun. This dashboard shows them when the milestones are due and guides users to keep their group members accountable for their set goals.
What were the key usability insights for this concept?
The number of participants for usability testing was n = 3. These participants were instructed to perform a series of tasks within the shared savings user flow.
The tasks included: (1) Create a shared savings goal with a Cash Fam, (2) Set your personal savings levels, (3) Check the savings dashboard, and (4) Check your personal savings settings.
The context given to the participants was the following: “You and your friends are looking to go on a trip together. However, some of the group is unsure about financing the trip. The group looks into savings accountability. With this group of friends, create shared savings through Cash App.”
Participants in the usability tests were asked to speak aloud as they executed the tasks. Here are the following insights:
Some confusion over what transparency is in the context of shared savings; must click around to figure it out
Some confusion over what the admin does
Some confusion over what milestone means – more description would be helpful. Although the (i) symbol is useful
Screen for setting savings milestone levels is overwhelming; would prefer to just type in the values
Positive reactions to the savings dashboard – seems helpful for accountability
Initial Designs - Group Tab
Onto our second key feature - Group Tab; this feature allows users to create a “Group Tab,” which allows members to upload expenses and easily track who paid for what and how much each person owes. This also includes the idea of adding a custom expense or scan and upload a receipt for automatic calculations.
First, this flow above shows one of the two ways to import an expense into a group tab, by scanning a receipt. The flow starts in a camera view, goes to an image-to-text receipt view, on which users can tag members of the group to the entree item, and then finally approve the tagged receipt.
This flow above shows the second way to input an expense into a group tab, through manual input. Manual input of a receipt requires that the user enters every item and tags the individual that paid and consumed the item.
The four screens above highlight flexibility around ways to split a bill. Users and Cash Fams can split their bills evenly, by the dollar amount, or by percentages.
The user experience of viewing the group’s tab is explored. Members of Cash Fam groups can see all their shared expenses, the receipts for such, and how much is owed as a compilation or total.
Finally, in the group tab flows, there is a feature of closing the group tab. By closing the group tab, all expenses and transactions documented in the tab will be sent out as requests from those that owe money on behalf of those that need reimbursement.
What were the key usability insights for this concept?
The number of participants for usability testing was n = 7. These participants were instructed to perform a series of tasks within the group tab user experience flow.
The context given to the participants was the following: “You and your friends are on the trip now. The group just shared the first dinner and you paid for the whole meal. You want to be sure that everyone pays for their meal portion. Create a group tab for this expense.”
The tasks were the following:
Add a receipt to the group tab.
Tag Cash Fam members to different receipt items
Add a custom shared expense to the group tab (that does not have an affiliated receipt)
Close the group tab
View the Cash Fam history and archive tabs
Participants in the usability tests were asked to speak aloud as they executed the tasks. The following are insights from the usability test.
Add a receipt
It can feel overwhelming with the manual creation of adding a receipt
Most users gravitated toward scanning a receipt than manually inputting expense information
Would like scanning a receipt to be the default over manual entry because manual takes long – although, a scan would have to be accurate
Tag people to different items
Lack of discoverability in assigning the items
Users wonders if they could be assigned themselves
Understood the checkmarks convey users approved the items
Add a custom shared expense
Add more instructions/words; icons/symbols are not enough
At first, participants thought they had to enter in information for each – split equally, split by amount, and split by percent. Was not clear that you should only do one.
Close tab
The summary of indicating who owns what was unclear. The arrows didn’t convey the right assumptions
Went to the summary tab to do so simply because they did not see it anywhere else
Want to be able to constantly see the most updated numbers for how much each person owes in the group tab
See the archived tab
Users wished to see more summarized information in the archive tab
Initial Designs - Recurring Expenses
For recurring expenses, repeatedly requesting for one-time payment can be repetitive and strenuous. The burden falls onto the payer to manually request other individuals for the payments.
Therefore, by allowing individuals to set up automated recurring payments within the existing Request system of Cash App.
The flow below shows the creation of a recurring payment. This flow is incorporated into the existing “Pay” function of Cash App. There is now a recurring payment toggle button, which prompts users to input more information about the payment type, like frequency, the number of occurrences, and start and end times. Once completed, users will see a completions screen and they can confirm their recurring payment information through this screen.
The flow is in order from top to bottom!
FINAL DELIVERABLES
We had to demonstrate three final deliverables, and all of us were very proud of each deliverable's quality.
Final Designs
Feel free to play with our interactive prototype through Figma or check out the interactive GIFs of our solution at the beginning of the case study!
Poster
This poster is aimed to communicate our project and processes in a concise and informative manner.
Product Promo Video
The premise of this video is a group of four students who want to travel together but have financial constraints. They’ve come across the Cash App solution and highlighted how it solves their problems in a fun and convincing manner. I was happily in charge of producing, co-directing, and editing the entire product promo video.
REFLECTION & NEXT STEPS
How do you feel about this capstone project and working with Cash App?
This capstone project has been one of the most intense and exhilarating design projects that I have been proud to be a part of. There were many ambiguous challenges that my team and I didn’t anticipate. Still, we were eagerly ready to tackle to output a design solution that all of us were proud of because we put 120% effort into this capstone. This was my first time working with a FinTech company, so it was refreshing to see how innovative and exploratory Cash App was when investigating ways to disrupt the current banking industry, focusing on Gen-Z as their audience. It was a massive honor to network with the Cash App’s PMs, Designers, and Researchers and learn how Cash App operates daily.
What is next for this capstone project?
We presented our final deliverables to the Cash App stakeholders, who were pleasantly receptive to the quality of the work we put into our designs and product promo.
Going forward, our Cash App stakeholders will use our designs as a foundation and leverage as they continue to explore and innovate their shared banking experience into development in the next couple of years!
Here’s what they had to say. :)
Thank you to my teammates <3
Lastly, I want to give a huge shoutout to Carol Lei, Alissa Acheson, and Natasha Schmid for being the best teammates and people to work with. While I learned many things from this project, I also learned many things from my teammates. I can’t wait to see what the future holds for us! <3